Chinese Calendar c2700 B.C. Emperor Huang Ti introduces first cycle of the Zodiac. Era of Abraham c 2016 B.C., 1 October Beginning of Jewish calendar Abraham c 1850 B.C. in Canaan. Moses c 1250 B.C. Moses in Egypt. First Temple c 968 B.C. Solomon's Temple. First Olympiad 776 B.C., 3 July First Olympic Games Rome 753 B.C., 21 April Traditional date of the foundation of Rome. Era of Nabonassar 747 B.C., 26 February The basis of calculations of Ptolemy. Scythians domesticate horses c 675 B.C. for riding. Amaterasu 660 B.C., 11 Feb Sun goddess founds Japanese Imperial line. Centaurs? c 650 B.C. or just Scythians. Cimmerians driven from Scythia c 650 B.C. by the Scythians. Zoroaster b. c 628 B.C. One probable date. Goths besiege Rome 537, March 11 First Temple Destroyed 587 B.C., August by the Babylonians; beginning of the Babylonian Captivity. Return from Babylon 538 B.C. Persian King Cyrus permits Hebrews to return. Second Temple 515 B.C. Organization by Ezra and Nehemiah results in a new temple. Alexander the Great 333 B.C. conquers Persia. Era of Alexander 324 B.C., 12 November Commonly used for dating in the ancient world. Era of Seleucus 312 B.C., 1 September Commonly used for dating in the ancient world. Great Wall 204 B.C. Shih Huang Ti erects wall to keep out barbarians. Temple Purification 164 B.C. Judas Maccabaeus purifies the Temple Era of Tyre 125 B.C., 19 October Commonly used for dating in the ancient world. Julius Caesar born 100 B.C., 12 July Pompey 63 B.C. takes Jerusalem for Rome. Era of Antioch 48 B.C., 9 August !URL: http://peicommerce.com/HISTORY/ROMAN/POMPEY/POMPEY.HTM Commemorating the battle of Pharsalus in Thessaly in which Pompey was defeated by Caesar. Herod the Great 37-4 B.C. King of Judea. Era of Augustus 31 B.C., 2 September Commemorating the Battle of Actium. Egyptian Year 26 B.C., 29 August Augustus reforms the Egyptian calendar. Jesus b. c 4 B.C. Before the death of King Herod the Great. Twelfth Night c 3 B.C., 6 Jan The Three Wise Men, Kings, or Magi, traditionally named Gaspar, Melchior and Balthazar, and representing Europe, Asia and Africa, bring gifts to the baby Jesus, twelve nights after the birth. Traditionally the night is called Twelfth Night and the day is Epiphany. Crucifixion c 30 Jesus crucified. Caligula assassinated 41, 24 Jan Roman emperor Gaius Cassius Germanicus killed. Julian Era 45 B.C., 1 January Julius Caesar reforms the calendar. Temple Destroyed 70 Romans destroy Jerusalem and disperse Jews. Era of Diocletian 284, 29 August Commonly used for dating. Also called Era of Martyrs by Eusebius and early ecclesiastical writers. Constantine 324 Roman Emperor Constantine I, the Great who made Christianity legal and founded Constantinople. Church of the Holy Sepulchre 326-335 Constantine builds the Church of the Resurrection (Anastasis) on the site where his mother Helena is reputed to have found the True Cross 337 Constantine the Great Died Huns 372 invade Europe B. Chalons-sur-Marne 451 Attila the Hun defeated. Magnus Maximus 383 declared Roman Emperor in Britain !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Magnus Maximus defeated 388 at Battle of Poetovio (Italy) !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Spanish by origin, Magnus Clemens Maximus commanded Gratian's army in Britain. It was there that in July 383, his soldiers proclaimed him emperor, after which Maximus invaded Gaul, where Gratian was then campaigning. Deserted by his troops, Gratian fled first for Lyons, and then Italy, but he was overtaken and assasinated. This left Maximus as ruler of Britain, Gaul, Spain and Africa, a position he could have kept had his ambition not gotten the better of him. —labehotiere@wanadoo.fr Constantine's officials deposed 410 Emperor Constantine III's officials deposed from office in Britain !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Fall of Rome 476 The last western Roman Emperor abdicates. Catholic — !SortDate: 500 Until the Reformation, most of Europe west of the Balkans was Catholic. Anno Domini c 527 Dionysius Exiguus (Dennis the Little) propagates our current system of dating years from the birth of Jesus (although he got that date wrong). Era of the Armenians 552, 9 July Armenians condemn the Council of Chalcedon. Persian Jerusalem 614 Jerusalem falls to the Persians; True Cross is looted. Heraclius retakes Jerusalem 620 Byzantine Emperor retakes Jerusalem and True Cross. Hejira 622, July 16 Mohammed flees from Mecca to Medina. Year 1 of the Muslim calendar, in the long history of Islam Era of Yezdegird III 632, 16 June Persian. Muslim Jerusalem 638 Muslims take Jerusalem. Dagobert I d. 639, 19 Jan King of Austrasia, Soissons, Burgundy, and Neustria. Synod of Whitby 663 !Source: Mackie at Lindisfarne; Celts lose Dome of the Rock 691 Caliph Abd al-Malik completed, on the site of Solomon's Temple, the oldest Muslim building which has survived basically intact in its original form. El Andalus 711 Spain falls to the Muslims. Kojiki 712 Japanese Record of Ancient Matters !Country: jp Nihon shoki 720 Chronicle of Japan !Country: jp bishop at Whithorn 731 !Source: Mackie Vikings sack Lindisfarne 793, 8 June Beginning of the Viking Age. Norse raid 795 !Source: Mackie Iona, Scotland Vikings 800 Channel coast invaded by Vikings. Vikings ravage Iona 806 Scotland for the third time !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Vikings in France 820 Seine valley laid waste by Vikings. Contentin invaded 836 Christians persecuted in the Contentin region. Norse settle in northern Scotland c837 !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Bayeux devastated 858 by the Vikings. Vikings persecute 875 Further persecution in the West. Dublin mint 992 Norse settlers in Dublin open mint !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Norse invade Kent again 999 !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Battle of Carham 1018 Strathclyde annexed by Malcolm II, given to his grandson Duncan. William b. 1027 Birth of William, the future conqueror of England, at Falaise. Derby and Worcester earthquake 1048, 1 May !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html !Label: England Great Schism 1054 East (Orthodox) and West (Roman) Christian churches mutually excommunicate each other. Lady Godiva's ride through Coventry 1057 !Label: England !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Thorfinn the Mighty d. c 1065 !Source: Mackie Jarl of Orkney Malcolm II homage to William I 1073 William of England def. Malcolm, who pays homage. !Label: Scotland Knights Templar Founded 1118 in Jerusalem, at the site of Solomon's Temple. Hamburg Hanseatic 1189, May 7 !URL: http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/Hamburg/HH_homepage_english.html The Kaiser Fiedrich Barbarossa granted customs and commercial rights to the German town of Hamburg. One of the first members of the Hanseatic League. Genghis Khan d. 1227, 18 August Mongol warrior-ruler Genghis Khan, died during the siege of Hsingchungfu in West Hsia, China. Khan conquered from the Adriatic Sea to the Pacific Coast of China. Jarls to Angus 1231 !Source: Mackie of Orkney Mongol Invasions c 1241-1275 the largest land empire in history reached Europe, including Poland. Cologne Cathedral begun 1248, Aug 14 Rebuilding after a fire of the largest Gothic church in northern Europe, the Cologne Cathedral, was begun, to be completed after 632 years, on 14 August 1880. First church on the site 873. Battle of Ain Jalud 1260, 2 Sep Egyptian Sultan defeats Mongols in Syria. Romeo m. Juliet 1302, March 11 Their wedding day, according to Shakespeare. Knights Templar Escape 1307, Friday 13 October !Label: Scotland Fleet escapes from La Rochelle to Scotland and Portugal. The Bruce would have had need of their fighting skills and their treasure, but he could not risk another Albigensian Crusade by welcoming them openly. Edward Bruce 1316 !Source: ToW brother of Robert Bruce invades Ireland Faughart 1318 !Source: ToW Edward Bruce defeated, killed Purchase of the Holy Cenacle 1333 ``The Franciscan Roger Garin, of the Province of Aquitaine, in the name of the Rulers of Naples, Robert of Anjou and Sancha of Maiorca, began negotiations for the purchase of the Holy Places from the Sultan En-Naser Muhammed.'' Battle of Halidon Hill 1333, 19 July Edward III defeats Scots. !URL: http://www.scotclans.com/clans/1333.htm Purchase of the Holy Cenacle completed 1342 The rules of Naples inform the Pope that they have successfully purchased the Holy Cenacle. The Black Death 1347-1354 Bubonic plague kills 1/3 the population of Europe and causes massive disruptions in society, including longlasting effects on art, religious practices and beliefs. John Huss 1415 Executed in Bohemia. Murdoch Regent 1420-1424 !Source: Mackie !Label: Scotland Gutenberg's press c1450 Invention of moveable type printing press. !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html University of Glasgow 1451, 7 Jan founded. by Pope Nicholas V. !URL: http://www.glasgow2001.gla.ac.uk/book/early-universities.html Turks take Constantinople 1453, May 29 Constantinople fell to the Turks After a siege lasting weeks; the forces of Mehmed II at last breached the walls that had stood impenetrable for more than a thousand years, and the city fell. With the Fall of Constantinople, the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) ended, and with it the last piece of Rome after 2000 years. This caused a revival of Greek language and literature in the west, due to refugees fleeing to Venice and elsewhere. This in turn led to a revival of biblical scholarship, which was one of the contributing factors to the Reformation. James II raids Northumberland 1456 !Label: Scotland !Source: ToW James III recovers 1460-1488 !Source: ToW Scottish lands from England !Label: Scotland Order of the Thistle c1460 instituted in Scotland by King James III of Scotland !Label: Scotland !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html James II takes Roxburgh 1460, 3 August !Source: ToW is killed. !Label: Scotland Shetland 1469 becomes part of Scotland !Label: Scotland !URL: http://www.angelfire.com/de/BobSanders/TIME1.html Albany and Gloucester 1482 take Berwick and Edinburgh !Source: ToW !Label: Scotland James III murdered 1488, Jun 11 at Sauchieburn. !Label: Scotland Pope Alexander VI 1492, 11 August Spaniard Rodrigo de Borja proclaimed pope Alexander VI. He has been charged with corruption, including the buying out of church officials to obtain the papacy, he did adopt a policy of tolerance and respect towards Jews. Columbus 1492 The Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella conquered Granada, the last Muslim kingdom in Spain, expelled the Jews, and sent Columbus to America. Ferdinand d. 1516, Jan 23 King of Aragon and father of Catherine of Aragon dies at Madrigalejo. Lutheran 1517, 31 October Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses opposing indulgences and other defects he perceived in the Catholic religion to the door of the church in Wittenberg, in Saxony; the beginning of the Lutheran Church and of the Reformation. Anabaptists 1525 or Mennonites founded in Switzerland. They were called Anabaptists by their enemies, because they rebaptised members who had previously been baptised as infants. They were violently persecuted to the death. One of their few leaders who died naturally was Menno Simons, from whom they took the name Mennonites. Geneva 1536 Geneva Council Sanctum Officium 1542, 21 July Anti-Protestant Inquisition began. Calvinists 1559 John Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion. Calvin strongly influenced the Puritans, Presbyterians, and others. Galileo abjures 1633, 21 June Galileo Galilei is forced by the Inquisition to "abjure, curse, & detest" his Copernican heliocentric views. Baptist 1638 Roger Williams founded the Baptist Church of Christ in Providence, Rhode Island, which was the first Baptist congregation in what became the present-day United States. The first Baptist church in Scotland was Keiss Baptist Church. Battle of the Boyne 1690, 12 July in Ireland, at which Protestant William of Orange defeated Catholic James II and VII. The battle actually took place on 1 July, but because of the conversion from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar the day is now commemorated on the 12 July. —labehotiere@wanadoo.fr !URL: /history/mod/battleoftheboyne.html Methodists 1738, May 24 !URL: http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/tdgh-may/may24.htm Former Georgia Anglican minister John Wesley underwent a religious conversion at Aldersgate Chapel in London initiating what would become known as the Methodist Church. The Great Awakening 1738 Methodist evangelist George Whitefield travelled from Georgia to New England, starting the Great Awakening in his wake. Battle of Plassey 1757, 23 Jun Clive defeats Bengalis. Botany Bay 1770, 6 May Capt. Cook discovers Botany Bay. Battle of Moore's Creek 1776, Feb 6 Loyalist Gov. Martin of North Carolina tries to put down "a most daring, horrid, and unnatural Rebellion." Loyalist McLeod's broadswords lose to patriot Caswell's muskets and artillery. Spain recognises American Independence 1783, Feb 3 Parliament proclaims an end to hostilities in America 1783, 4 Feb !Label: England Treaty of Paris 1783, 3 Sep UK, France, Spain, Netherlands, and U.S. Lord Byron b. 1788, 22 January George Gordon Byron (later the 6th Baron Byron), born at 16 Holles St., Cavendish Square, London. !Label: Scotland Foundation Day 1788, 26 Jan Australia Marine raid at Tripoli 1804, February 16 Lt. Decatur and men including 8 Marines recapture and burn the ship Philadelphia at Tripoli; commemorated in the Marines' Hymn: ``...to the shores of Tripoli''. !Label: U.S. Beethoven's Ninth 1824, May 7 !URL: http://www.futurenet.com/classicalnet/beginners/rev50/4.html Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor was performed for the first time in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven's musical interpretation of Schiller's Ode to Joy. The composer was completely deaf when he wrote the symphony. Treaty of Waitangi 1840, 6 Feb Between Great Britain and New Zealand Maori tribes of North Island, was signed at the settlement of Waitangi. The treaty sought to protect Maori rights and was the basis of the annexation of New Zealand. A key article stated that the Crown had exclusive rights to buy Maori land, which remained in effect until 1862. The documents were partially burned by a fire in 1841. !Label: New Zealand Origin of Species 1859, 24 Nov by Charles Darwin. !Label: England Suez Canal 1869 !Label: England Cologne Cathedral finished 1880, 14 Aug The largest Gothic church in northern Europe, the Cologne Cathedral, was completed after 632 years. Rebuilding had begun Aug. 14, 1248. A fire wrecked the old church . First church on the site 873. penicillin 1881, 6 August Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish bacteriologist and discoverer of penicillin (greatly helped by Aussie Howard Florey[-Ian's comment!]), born at Loudon, in Ayrshire. !Source: Chambers Dates (1983) ISBN 0 550 11827 6 Published by W & R Chambers Ltd, Edinburgh Scotland. Bulgaria 1908, 5 Oct Bulgaria declares independence from Turkey. Portugal republic 1910, 5 Oct Portugal overthrows monarchy proclaims republic. Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated 1914, June 28 in Sarajevo, leading to WW I. John Kipling k. at Loos 1915, 27 Sept Son of Rudyard Kipling. !Label: England Lt. Helmer k. at Ypres 1915, 2 May John McCrae remembers him in the poem ``In Flanders Fields.'' !Label: Canada U.S. in WW I 1917, 6 April U.S. declares war. Balfour Declaration 1917, 2 November Lord Balfour informs Lord Rothschild that ``Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet. " His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a National home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

``Yours sincerely,

!Label: England Often seen as the initiation of the process that led to the establishment of the State of Israel. Issuing of the statement is believed to have been motivated just as much by British interests, as by the sympathy for the Zionist cause. At the eve of the World War I Britain needed the support from the World Jewry, which had been neutral, and which represented a large part of the population of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The declaration was drafted with the help of US President, Woodrow Wilson, who was a strong supporter of Zionism. —labehotierre@wanadoo.fr WW I ends 1918, 11 November On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the guns fell silent; end of World War I. Remembrance Day (Commonwealth); formerly Armistice Day, now Veterans Day (U.S.). Treaty of Versailles 1919, 28 June Signing of the Treaty of Versailles at Versailles. Official end of WWI. Anschluss 1938, March 12 Germany absorbs Austria Dunkirk [begin] 1940, 26 May !URL: /sinclair/history/mod/battleofdunkirk.html First day of British withdrawal from Dunkirk after the fall of France. Dunkirk [end] 1940, 3 June !URL: /sinclair/history/mod/battleofdunkirk.html Final day of British withdrawal from Dunkirk after the fall of France. Everything that could float in England, some boats making three or more journeys on their own, amid dive bombing and strafing by the Luftwaffe. Dunkirk [middle] 1940, 30 May 53,823 evacuated from Dunkirk, bringing total landed in England since May 27 to 126,606. The nine days of Dunkirk were a withdrawal of land forces less all their equipment across the English Channel, following many military disasters in France. The German conquest of France was complete. The evacuation owed much to the unstinting bravery of the French troops fighting at the Dunkirk perimeter and to seven hundred brave small craft almost a hundred of which were lost in the evacuation of 385,000 troops, more than 100,000 of them French, were ferried to the waiting ships or taken direct to England to fight again another day. Pearl Harbor 1941, 7 December Japanese sneak attack on U.S. base in Honolulu, Hawaii. !Label: U.S. Japan invades Burma 1942, 19 Jan D-Day 1944, 6 June Allied forces invade Normandy in Operation Overlord. VE Day 1945, 7 May German leaders surrender to Eisenhower in a schoolhouse in Rheims, France, east of Paris, where French kings were traditionally crowned. VE Day (Soviet) 1945, 8 May German surrender documents signed a second time in Berlin, at request of the Soviet Union. VJ Day 1945, 14 August Allied Victory over Japan; end of hostilities of World War II. Korean War 1950, 4 August Korean War ends 1953, 27 July Sputnik 1957, 4 Oct USSR launches Sputnik I the 1st artificial earth satellite. commercial jets 1958, 4 Oct Transatlantic comercial jet passenger service began. Far Side 1959, 4 Oct USSR Luna 3 sent back 1st photos of Moon's far side. repeater satellite 1960, 4 Oct Courier 1B launched; 1st active repeater satellite in orbit. UN stamps 1969, 4 Oct UN starts issuing postage stamps at Geneva headquarters. Apollo 14 returns 1971, 9 Feb to Earth !Label: U.S. Lunar Eclipse (North America) 2000, 20 Jan Late in the evening. !Label: U.S. Lunar Eclipse (Europe) 2000, 21 Jan Early morning. !Label: Scotland Up-Helly-Aa 2000, 25 Jan last Tuesday in Jan in Shetland. !Label: Scotland British Empire Day 1945, March 12 Commonwealth Day 1958, March 12 Formerly British Empire Day. Modern Scottish Parliament 1999, July 1 Opening of first Scottish Parliament in 292 years. #Hornesrud John Barclay b. 1582, Jan 28 Scottish satirist and poet born. Robert II, Curthose d. 1134, 10 Feb Duke of Normandy dies Robert I, the Magnificient, d. 1035, 2 July Duke of Normandy dies, Nicaea, Bithynia, Turkey Pillarguri Days 2000 begin 2000, 25 August Similar to last year's celebration. Pillarguri Days 2000 main day 2000, 26 August Same date as the 1612 Battle of Kringen. Pillarguri Days 2000 last day 2000, 27 August Pictures of last year's celebration. Summer Solstice 2000, 21 June The longest day of the year and the beginning of summer. Louis Armstrong b. 1901, 4 August Battle of the Somme 1916, 3 July First day of the battle of the Somme after a week of heavy bombardment of German positions. Louis Armstrong d. 1971, 6 July Barbarossa of Burgundy 1178, July 30 Frederick I (Barbarossa), crowned King of Burgundy Virginia House of Burgesses forms 1619, July 30 House of Burgesses Virginia forms, 1st elective American governing unit Virginia House of Burgesses meets 1620, July 30 The House of Burgesses first meeting in Jamestown, Virginia. Baltimore 1729, July 30 Baltimore founded Freemasons in U.S. 1733, July 30 Society of Freemasons opens 1st American lodge Boston Mass. Capt. Cook sails 1768, July 30 Captain Cook set sail on his first voyage. Capt. Cook returns 1775, July 30 Captain Cook with Resolution returns to England Washington in Germantown 1777, July 30 George Washington occupies Germantown, Pennsylvania Lafayette in RI 1778, July 30 Lafayette was sent to Rhode Island. US incivility 1862, July 30 the US government refused to clothe and equip black soldiers in the Civil War. Lincoln eye-for-eye 1863, July 30 Pres Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot Battle of the Crater 1864, July 30 Gen. Burnside fails in attack of Petersburg NO Race riot 1866, July 30 Race riot in New Orleans anti-semitism 1878, July 30 German anti-semitism begins during the Reichstag election corn flakes 1898, July 30 Will Kellogg invents Corn Flakes world road race 1908, July 30 Around the World Automobile Race ends in Paris German sabotage 1916, July 30 German saboteurs blow up a munitions plant on Black Tom Island, NJ movies 1928, July 30 George Eastman shows 1st color motion pictures Cepheid variable 1923, 5 Oct Edwin Hubble identifies Cepheid variable star. non-stop transpacific 1931, 5 Oct 1st non-stop transpacific flight Japan to Wenatchee Wash. WAVES 1942, July 30 FDR signs bill creating women's Navy auxiliary agency (WAVES) Minsk massacre 1942, July 30 Nazi SS kills 25,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia Indianopolis sinks 1945, July 30 Philippines Sea: US cruiser Indianapolis torpedoed/sinks, 880 die Amethyst escapes 1949, July 30 British warship HMS Amethyst escape down Yangtze River, having been refused a safe passage by Chinese Communists after 3-month standoff World War II peace treaty approved 1990, 11 September The four victorious allies of World War II (the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union) and Germany approved a peace treaty. !URL: http://www.foothill.fhda.edu/divisions/unification/finalset.html World War II peace treaty signed 1990, 12 September The four victorious allies of World War II (the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union) and Germany signed a peace treaty. Germany was one again on October 3. !URL: http://www.foothill.fhda.edu/divisions/unification/finalset.html In God We Trust 1956, July 30 US motto "In God We Trust" authorized Philby surfaces 1963, July 30 Spy Kim Philby appears in Moscow after his flight from England Bangladesh album 1971, July 30 George Harrison releases "Bangladesh" Great Fire of Rome 64, 18 July Great Fire of Rome begins (Nero didn't fiddle) Wiliam of Orange 1572, 18 July Wiliam of Orange (William III) recognized as viceroy of Holland/Friesland/Utrecht Dias d. 1500, May 29 Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias (or Diaz), led the first European expedition to arrive to the Cape of Good Hope, drowned today as a storm destroyed four of his ships. Dias had the East Indies as destination. His expedition was nearing the Cape of Good Hope. Dias arrived at Mossel Bay, South Africa, in 1488, where today stands the Dias museum. !URL: http://www.gardenroute.net/mby/mbmuseums.htm Calcutta Cyclone 1864, 5 Oct Most of Calcutta destroyed by cyclone. Six Persian Gulf nations double their oil prices 1973, 23 December First Christmas 336, 25 December First recorded celebration of Christmas on Dec. 25 took place in Rome. International Monetary Fund established 1945, 27 December World Bank founded Fatima 3 2012, 23 December Third secret of Fatima !URL: http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000626_message-fatima_en.html King Hussein 1952, August 11 King Hussein succeeded as King of the Jordan on the deposition of his father, King Talal, because of mental illness. !Source: Chambers Dates (1983) ISBN 0 550 11827 6 Published by W & R Chambers Ltd, Edinburgh Scotland. Titanic found 1985, 1 Sep Titanic, sunk in 1912, found by French & American scientists. —labehotiere@wanadoo.fr Parthenon destroyed 1687, 1 October in war between Turks & Venetians. —labehotiere@wanadoo.fr